Seroprevalence of Brucella ovis-epididymitis, smooth-Brucella, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, and Maedi-Visna in sheep slaughtered in Minas Gerais State, Brazil / Soroprevalência de Brucella ovis, Brucella lisa, leptospirose, toxoplasmose e Maedi-Visna em ovinos abatidos em Minas Gerais, Brasil

The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella ovis-epididymitis, smooth-Brucella, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis and Maedi-visna in sheep slaughtered in Minas Gerais, Brazil and to study their simultaneous occurrence, including caseous lymphadenitis, at sheep and flock levels. The study was conducted at a sheep slaughterhouse with Federal Inspection Service. Sera from 594 animals from 21 flocks were collected, in 2007. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) was employed to detect anti-B. ovis and anti-Maedi Visna antibodies, whereas Rose Bengal (RB) and the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2ME) were used to test anti-smooth Brucella antibodies. For the detection of anti-Leptospiraantibodies, sera were examined by microscopic agglutination test (MAT), while for the detection of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii ELISA was used. Prevalence of antibodies against smooth Brucella, B. ovis-epididimitis, Leptospiraspp., toxoplasmosis and Maedi-Visna found in sheep from Minas Gerais was 0.00%, 24.04%, 25.96%, 10.46% and 3.08%, respectively; whereas the seroprevalence in flocks was 0.00%, 80.95%, 90.48%, 71.43% and 23.81%, respectively. Moreover, when data on antibodies anti-Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, previously obtained, were included, about 60% of the flocks showed animals that were exposed to four or more of the studied agents. However, only 25.47% of the sheep exhibited simultaneously antibodies against more than one pathogen. Thus, data from the present study on sheep slaughtered in Minas Gerais, Brazil, showed no antibodies to smooth-Brucella and a low frequency of antibodies anti-Maedi Visna lentivirus, and a high and widespread seroprevalence of B. ovis, Leptospira spp., and T. gondii among animals and flocks.(AU)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de anticorpos contra Brucella ovis (epididimite ovina), Brucellalisa, leptospirose, toxoplasmose e Maedi-visna em ovinos abatidos em Minas Gerais, Brasil, e estudar sua ocorrência simultânea, incluindo linfadenite caseosa, nos ovinos e nos rebanhos. O estudo foi realizado em um abatedouro de ovinos com Serviço de Inspeção Federal. Soros de 594 animais de 21 rebanhos foram coletados, em 2007. A imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) foi empregada para detectar anticorpos anti-B. ovis e anticorpos anti-Maedi Visna, enquanto o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT) e o teste de 2-mercaptoetanol (2ME) foram utilizados para testar anticorpos anti-Brucella lisa. Para a detecção de anticorpos anti-Leptospira, os soros foram examinados pelo teste de aglutinação microscópica (MAT), enquanto que para a detecção de anticorpos IgG para Toxoplasma gondii, foi usado o ELISA. A prevalência de anticorpos anti-Brucella lisa, B. ovis, Leptospira spp., toxoplasmose e Maedi-Visna encontrados em ovinos de Minas Gerais foi de 0,00%, 24,04%, 25,96%, 10,46% e 3,08%, respectivamente; enquanto a soroprevalência em rebanhos foi de 0,00%, 80,95%, 90,48%, 71,43% e 23,81%, respectivamente. Além disso, quando dados de anticorpos anti-Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, previamente obtidos, foram incluídos, cerca de 60% dos rebanhos apresentaram animais expostos a quatro ou mais dos agentes estudados. No entanto, apenas 25,47% dos ovinos exibiram simultaneamente anticorpos contra mais de um patógeno. Assim, os dados do presente estudo sobre ovinos abatidos em Minas Gerais, Brasil, mostram que ausência de anticorpos anti-Brucella lisa e baixa frequência de anticorpos anti-Maedi Visna, e uma soroprevalência alta e generalizada de B. ovis, Leptospira spp. e T. gondii entre animais e rebanhos.(AU)

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of brucella spp. isolated in Brazil

The intention of this work was to investigate the susceptibility profile of 27 Brucella strains isolated from animals in Brazil, using the E-test method with antimicrobials recommended for the treatment of human brucellosis, to monitor the activities of these antimicrobials and their potential efficacy for human brucellosis treatment. Efficiency of SE-AFLP in determining the genetic diversity of the species of Brucella and its correlation with their susceptibility profile was also evaluated. All 27 strains were susceptible to doxycycline. With the exception of one strain of B. canis and of B. abortus, all strains were susceptible to gentamicin and streptomycin. Of the wild Brucella strains tested, ten, nine and five showed reduced susceptibility to rifampicin, ceftriaxone and trimetoprim/sulfamethoxazole, respectively. One B. abortus and three B. canis strains showed multi-resistance profiles. The strain of B. abortus was resistant to streptomycin, rifampicin and ceftriaxone. Two strains of B. canis were resistant to rifampicin, ceftriaxone and trimetoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and one strain was resistant to rifampicin, ceftriaxone, streptomycin and gentamicin. Rifampicin, in combination with doxycycline, is one of the principal antibiotics prescribed to treat human brucellosis. The occurrence of strains resistant to rifampicin and other antimicrobials must be monitored before initiating this treatment, since the resistance of these strains could be one of the causes of the failure of some brucellosis treatment. No relationship was observed between SE-AFLP profiles and regional origin of the strains; neither between SE-AFLP profiles and antimicrobial profiles...

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o perfil de susceptibilidade de 27 cepas de Brucella isoladas de animais no Brasil, utilizando-se o método E-test com os antimicrobianos recomendados para o tratamento da brucelose humana. Com este método, pretendeu-se monitorar a atividade destes antimicrobianos e seu potencial de eficacidade no tratamento desta enfermidade no homem. Também foi avaliada a eficiência da técnica SE-AFLP para discriminar as diferentes cepas de Brucella sp. e para analisar se os perfis gerados mostram alguma relação com os resultados de susceptibilidade. Todas as 27 cepas testadas foram sensíveis à doxiciclina, com exceção de uma cepa de B. canis e outra de B. abortus; as demais cepas foram sensíveis à gentamicina e à estreptomicina. Do total de cepas de campo testadas, respectivamente, dez, nove e cinco apresentaram susceptibilidade reduzida à rifampicina, ceftriaxona e trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol. Uma cepa de B. abortus e três de B. canis apresentaram perfil de multirresistência. A cepa de B. abortus mostrou-se resistente à estreptomicina, rifampicina e ceftriaxona. Duas cepas de B. canis foram resistentes à rifampicina, ceftriaxona e trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol e uma cepa foi resistente à rifampicina, ceftriaxona, streptomicina e gentamicina. Rifampicina e doxiciclina, associadas, são os principais antibióticos recomendados para o tratamento da brucelose humana. A ocorrência de cepas resistentes à rifampicina e outros antimicrobianos deve ser monitorada antes do início do tratamento, pois a resistência a esses antimicrobianos pode ser uma das causas do insucesso de alguns tratamentos de brucelose. Não foi observada nenhuma correlação entre os perfis SE- AFLP gerados e a origem das cepas, nem com os perfis de susceptibilidade destas cepas...

Detection of human adenovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus in water samples collected on dairy farms from Tenente Portela, Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Viral gastroenteritis and other waterborne diseases are a major concern for health in Brazil. A number of studies were conducted about the presence of viruses on water samples from Brazilian areas. However, the knowledge about the occurrence of viral contamination of drinking water sources in rural settings of the country is insufficient. On the present work, 15 samples from 5 dairy farms located at the municipality of Tenente Portela were collected and analysed for the presence of human adenoviruses (HAdV), as well as human enteroviruses (EV) and rotaviruses (RV). HAdV was present on 66.66% of the water samples, and have been found in all samples from artesian wells and springs, which are used as sources of drinking water for the individuals inhabiting those farms. EV and RV found only in one sample each. The detection rates of HAdV on the water from these dairy farms are alarming and point towards a situation of elevated environmental contamination by fecal microorganisms of human origin and poor basic sanitation conditions.

Detection of human adenovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus in water samples collected on dairy farms from Tenente Portela, Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Viral gastroenteritis and other waterborne diseases are a major concern for health in Brazil. A number of studies were conducted about the presence of viruses on water samples from Brazilian areas. However, the knowledge about the occurrence of viral contamination of drinking water sources in rural settings of the country is insufficient. On the present work, 15 samples from 5 dairy farms located at the municipality of Tenente Portela were collected and analysed for the presence of human adenoviruses (HAdV), as well as human enteroviruses (EV) and rotaviruses (RV). HAdV was present on 66.66% of the water samples, and have been found in all samples from artesian wells and springs, which are used as sources of drinking water for the individuals inhabiting those farms. EV and RV found only in one sample each. The detection rates of HAdV on the water from these dairy farms are alarming and point towards a situation of elevated environmental contamination by fecal microorganisms of human origin and poor basic sanitation conditions.

Anticorpos anti-Brucella canis e anti-Brucella abortus emcães de Araguaína, Tocantins / Antibodies anti-Brucella canis and anti-Brucella abortus in dogs from Araguaína, Tocantins,Brazil

Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a soroprevalência da infecção por Brucella canis e Brucella abortus e avaliaros possíveis fatores de risco associados à infecção em cães no município de Araguaína, Tocantins. Soros de 374 cães,pertencentes à zona urbana do município de Araguaína-Tocantins, foram analisados pelas técnicas de imunodifusãoem ágar gel (IDGA), para pesquisa de anticorpos contra Brucella canis, e antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT)e polarização fluorescente (FPA) para detecção de anticorpos contra Brucella abortus. Dos 374 soros testados parapresença de anticorpos contra B. abortus, 21 foram reagentes no AAT, entretanto todos foram negativos pela FPA. Àprova do IDGA 167 animais foram reagentes resultando em uma prevalência para B. canis de 44,53% (IC 95%; 39,43 a49,72). A avaliação de possíveis fatores de risco associados à soropositividade para B. canis não revelou a existência derelação entre a infecção e as variáveis individuais estudadas. Assim, o presente estudo permite concluir que não houveanimais infectados por B. abortus e que a infecção por B. canis está disseminada nos cães do município de Araguaína,Tocantins.

The aims of the present study were to determine the seroprevalence of infection by Brucella canis and Brucella abortusand to evaluate possible risk factors for infection in dogs from Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil. Sera from 374 dogs, of theurban zones of the municipality, from both sexes, were submitted to the agar-gel immunodiffusion for Brucella canisantibodiesand to rose Bengal test (AAT) and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) for Brucella abortus-antibodies.From the 374 tested dogs, 21 reacted in the AAT, but no one was positive in the FPA. The seroprevalence of B. canisinfection found in Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil, was 44.53% (95% IC; 39.43 to 49.72). No association was found amongseropositivity for B. canis and the risk factors studied. Thus, data from the present study showed that there was noinfection by B. abortus among dogs in the sample and that infection by B. canis is widespread and at high prevalence inAraguaína, Tocantins, Brazil.